Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) belongs to the soft tissue sarcomas that have striated muscle differentiation. It is most common in young children under 5 years of age and adolescents. The definite diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma is based on histology and the positivity of striated muscle markers in immuno histochemistry. Our objective was to describe the prognostic characteristics of RMS diagnosed in Dakar. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective and descriptive study spread over nine (09) years from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2019. It was conducted from the histological report archives of the anatomy and pathology laboratories of Dakar. Paraffin blocks were reread and immunohistochemically studied by manual method. Antidesmin and antimyogenin antibodies were used. RESULTS: We collected 44 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma out of 228 cases of soft tissue cancers, i.e. 19.29% of all malignant soft tissue tumours. The mean age of the patients was 25.41 ± 23.95 (standard deviation) years with a median age of 16 years and extremes of 6 months and 81 years. Patients were less than or equal to 17 years of age in 61.4% of cases. A clear male predominance was observed with 29 men (65.9%) against 15 women (34.1%). Rhabdomyosarcomas were located in the limbs in 34.1% of cases, in the head and neck in 29.5% of cases and in the genitourinary tract in 25% of cases. The average tumour size was 7.45 cm ± 4.64 (standard deviation) with a minimum of 2 cm and a maximum of 17 cm. It was greater than or equal to 5 cm in 15 patients (68.2%). Embryonalrhabdo myosarcoma (ERMS) was the most frequent histological type with 34 cases (77.3%), followed by pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma 7 cases (15.9%) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma 3 cases (6.8%). The histological subtypes of ERMS consisted of conventional ERMS (91.18%); botryoid RMS (5.88%) and spindle cell RMS (2.94%). The correlation between histological type and age was statistically significant (p = 0.039). A relationship was also observed be tween histological type and site (p = 0.026). According to the American IRS classification, the tumour was classified as group I in 41% of cases, group II in 50% of cases and groups III and IV in 4.5% each. CONCLUSION: Rhabdo myosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour in Dakar. It is often a voluminous tumour of the limbs which affects mainly males. The embryonal type is the most frequent histological form.

Abstract Clear cell carcinoma of the thyroid is rare. We report a case observed in a 17-year-old woman with a nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid. Cervical ultrasound showed a single nodule of the left lobe of the thyroid, measuring 28× 14 × 21 mm with microcalcifications, classified TIRADS 4. Pathological and immunohistochemical examination of the excisional specimen concluded with clear cell carcinoma. The epidemiological and histological aspects were discussed.

Abstract The occurrence and development of gastric cancer are regulated by many factors and result from the joint action of many factors. Studies have shown that ANP, NPRA, and Cx43 play a vital role in the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer. This article reviews the relationship between Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA), and Connexin43 (Cx43) with the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. The review aims to provide an effective reference value for scientific research and clinical treatment.

Abstract Epidermal inclusion cyst in the breast is an uncommon condition. It may be congenital, originating from hair follicles or occurring after trauma (breast reduction or breast cytology puncture) or consists of squamous metaplasia of the regular columnar epithelium within an ectatic ductus galactophorus. We report the case of a 22-year-old woman, with two pregnancies and with no particular pathological history, who presented with a 3 cm nodule of the right breast at the union of the upper quadrants, firm, mobile and painless. The skin, areola and nipple were unaffected. The axillary areas and the contralateral breast were unremarkable. The breast ultrasound showed a heterogeneous and well circumscribed hypoechoic mass classified as ACR3. Macroscopic examination revealed a unilocular cyst with a discretely thickened wall, abundant yellowish contents and measuring 2 cm on a long axis. Histologically, it was a cystic cavity whose wall was lined with a pseudo stratified keratinized squamous epithelium with a granular layer and whose lumen contained keratin lamellae. This cyst is surrounded by a more or less fibrous pallial tissue containing regular, sometimes dilated or even cystic milk ducts. The diagnosis of epidermal inclusion cyst of the breast on a background of fibrocystic mastopathy was thus concluded. The importance of this benign lesion lies in the differentiation between other non-neoplastic and neoplastic breast lesions.

Abstract Background: The histologic type of thyroid carcinomas includes follicular, papillary carcinomas, and medullary carcinomas. The reports about the histological, immunohisto chemical, and ultrastructural characteristics of each kind of thyroid carcinomas were common, but the simultaneous occurrence of a medullary and papillary carcinoma as 2 distinct tumors has been reported extremely rarely. Objects: To explore the pathogenesis, clinicopathological characteristics, immunohisto chemical phenotype, and pathological diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma combined with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics and immunohisto chemical phenotype of a patient with left medullary thyroid carcinoma combined with right papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were retrospectively studied. Then, relevant literature was thus reviewed. Results: General appearance: The size of the left thyroid lobe was 2.5 × 2 × 1 cm, the cut surface was gray and red, and a nodule with a diameter of 1.3 cm could be observed. The cut surface of the nodule was gray and yellow, solid, and hard. The size of the right lobe of the thyroid gland was 0.7 × 0.6 × 0.5 cm, and a gray nodule with a diameter of 0.4 cm was seen on the cut surface. The cut surface of the nodule was gray, solid, and hard. Observation under the microscope: the left nodular tumor cells were round, oval, or plasma cell-like, some areas were arranged in nests, and some areas were arranged in beams. Calcification and sheet-like eosinophilic amyloid deposits could be seen in the stroma. The nodule on the right showed a branched papillary structure, the covering cells on the surface of the nipple were ground glass-like nuclei, and nuclear grooves and pseudo-inclusion bodies in the nucleus could be observed. immunohistochemistry: left lobe tumor cells Calcitonin, CEA, TTF-1, CD56, CgA, and Syn are all (+), CK19 and TG were both (−); right lobe tumor cells CK19 and TG are both (+), Calcitonin, CD56, CgA, and Syn are all (−). Conclusions: The origin, clinicopathological manifestations, and immunophenotypes of medullary thyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma are different. It is relatively rare for the two to occur at the same time. The diagnosis mainly depends on the microscopic morphology and immunophenotype characteristics.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of Caveolin-1on the proliferation and migration ability in gastric carcinoma cells MGC-803 and its mechanism. Methods: Plasmid DNA pcDNA3.1-Cav1 was extracted by extracted kits, and transfected Cav-1 gene sequences were found. The expression levels of Cav-1 protein were detected by Western blot. And the proliferation was analyzed by CCK8 assay. The effect of Cav-1 on migration was detected by wound healing. The expression levels of BMI-1 protein were detected by western blot. Results: 1) Western Blot showed that the expression levels of Cav-1 were higher in MGC-803/Cav-1 than control group, P < 0.05. 2) CCK8 showed, that the proliferation of MGC-803/Cav-1 was inhibited, but P > 0.05. Wound healing showed, that the migration ability of MGC-803/Cav-1 fell off, P < 0.05. 3) Western Blot showed that the expression levels of BMI-1 were lower in MGC-803/Cav-1 than in the control group, P < 0.05. Conclusion: Caveolin-1 can inhibit the proliferation and migration ability of gastric carcinoma cells and its mechanism may relate to BMI-1.